Energy Sector
Energy exports play a crucial role in Russia’s economy and have long served as geopolitical leverage over dependent countries. Sanctions targeting the energy sector aim to cut state revenues and reduce Russia’s geopolitical power. Read more.
Financial Restrictions
Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, financial sanctions have become one of the most prominent tools used by Western governments to limit the Kremlin’s economic capacity and constrain its ability to fund the war. Read more.
Military production
Russia’s military production is dependent on Western components and technology. Halting the inflow is supposed to limit the capacity for production and, therefore, the military capacity. Read more.
Trade Restrictions
Sanctions on trade target critical goods, technologies, and supply chains to disrupt Russia’s economic activity and limit access to resources that support its war effort. These measures aim to raise the cost of aggression by restricting exports to and imports from Russia. Read more.
Other Restrictions
The international response to Russia’s aggression has included a wide range of behavioral, symbolic, and mobility-related restrictions aimed at isolating the country on the world stage. Studies in this category examine their impacts, as well as the general consequences of sanctions. Read more.
